MACM curing agent (3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, CAS 6864-37-5) is a cycloaliphatic diamine epoxy hardener with an AHEW of 60 g/eq. The published grade runs at 99.0% minimum purity with 80-120 mPa·s at 25 °C. Typical dosing is 32-33 phr against a standard 190 g/eq bisphenol A grade. Product Code: MACM (3,3'-Dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane) CAS No.: 6864-37-5 Product Category: Epoxy Curing Agent (Functional Chemical) 1. Product Information Yolatech supplies MACM as a colorless viscous liquid with two primary amine groups on a saturated bicyclic backbone. Figures below come from the product page or the CAS record; anything the page does not publish is marked as such. Item Information Product name MACM Chemical name 3,3'-Dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane CAS No. 6864-37-5 Molecular weight 238.41 g/mol (literature value for this CAS; not published on the product page) Active hydrogens 4 (two primary amine groups, literature structure) Appearance Colorless viscous liquid Color, APHA Max. 30 Viscosity at 25 °C 80-120 mPa·s AHEW 60 g/eq Purity Min. 99.0% Melting point -7 °C (as published) Boiling point 93-100 °C (as published; test pressure not stated) Flash point Above 230 °F (roughly 110 °C) Solubility Insoluble in water; soluble in benzene, ethanol and other organic solvents 2. Product Description: How the MACM Curing Agent Reacts with Epoxy Resins MACM curing agent carries two primary amine groups, so each molecule opens four epoxide rings. Divide the 238.41 g/mol molecular weight by those four active hydrogens and you get 59.6 g/eq, which is why the spec sheet rounds the AHEW to 60 g/eq. Worth repeating on any hardener before you trust a quoted number. The backbone is fully saturated, so the rapid quinone-type yellowing route that aromatic diamines show under UV is not available to MACM. Colour stability in a finished clearcoat still depends on the resin, pigment, UV package and cure schedule. Reaction speed is the trade-off: cycloaliphatic amines react more slowly at room temperature than straight-chain polyamines such as DETA, and formulators close that gap with an accelerator, with heat, or both. 3. Cycloaliphatic Amine Curing Agent Selection: MACM Against the Usual Alternatives MACM sits mid-range: 60 g/eq AHEW, 80-120 mPa·s, APHA 30 maximum. Four other diamines listed on this site bracket it from both sides, and the published data are not equally complete across the five pages. Property (as published) MACM PACM DACH HTDA MXDA CAS No. 6864-37-5 1761-71-3 694-83-7 13897-55-7 1477-55-0 Amine type Cycloaliphatic diamine Cycloaliphatic diamine Cycloaliphatic diamine Cycloaliphatic diamine Arylaliphatic diamine Appearance Colorless viscous liquid Colorless liquid Colorless to light yellow liquid Colorless to light yellow liquid Colorless liquid Viscosity at 25 °C, mPa·s 80-120 50-80 Not published Not published Not published AHEW, g/eq 60 Not published 28.5 Not published Not published Amine value, mg KOH/g Not published Not published Min. 900 820-900 Not published Purity, % Min. 99.0 Min. 99.0 Min. 99.0 Min. 99.0 Min. 99.0 Water, % Not published Max. 0.20 Max. 0.30 Max. 0.10 Max. 0.50 Color limit APHA max. 30 APHA max. 30 APHA max. 30 Gardner max. 1.0 APHA max. 20 Three rows decide most enquiries. Water content is published for PACM, DACH, HTDA and MXDA but not for MACM, so ask for a limit on the COA if your incoming inspection needs one. Amine value appears only for DACH and HTDA; AHEW only for MACM and DACH. If your binding constraint is Reach for Reason Lowest mix viscosity at equal stoichiometry DACH, AHEW 28.5 g/eq Roughly 15 phr against EEW 190, so less hardener goes in Published viscosity window for pump sizing MACM, 80-120 mPa·s PACM is thinner at 50-80 mPa·s but publishes no AHEW Tightest water specification on incoming goods HTDA, max. 0.10% MACM publishes no water figure at all Fastest ambient cure, aromatic backbone accepted MXDA Arylaliphatic amines cure faster than cycloaliphatic ones at 25 °C Flexible, long pot life, low exotherm Polyetheramine D-230 or YLH-6005 AHEW 95 g/eq on YLH-6005 stretches the working window Maximum toughness over chemical resistance YLH-5022 polyamide AHEW 165-185 g/eq, but viscosity runs 30000-80000 mPa·s at 25 °C 4. Typical Technical Information of the MACM Curing Agent Five specification lines is all the product page publishes: appearance, APHA colour, viscosity, AHEW and purity. Density, water content, amine value and gel time are not published; any of those has to come from the TDS or the COA. Item Specification Status Appearance Colorless viscous liquid Published Color, APHA Max. 30 Published Viscosity, mPa·s at 25 °C 80-120 Published AHEW, g/eq 60 Published Purity, % Min. 99.0 Published Density, water content, gel time Not published Request on TDS / MSDS / COA Treat every number here as a specification to confirm against the TDS, MSDS and batch COA, not a performance guarantee. A few mPa·s of viscosity drift between batches is normal; AHEW drift moves your mix ratio directly. 5. Dosage Calculation and Selection Rules Stoichiometric hardener loading follows one equation: phr = 100 × AHEW ÷ EEW. With MACM at 60 g/eq, the whole calculation turns on the epoxy equivalent weight of the resin you actually buy. Resin Published EEW, g/eq MACM at 1:1, phr Hardener share of mix, wt% YLE-128 bisphenol A 184-190 32-33 24.2-24.8 YLE-127 bisphenol A 176-184 33-34 24.8-25.4 YLE-170 bisphenol F 165-175 34-36 25.4-26.5 That number is not fixed. Production formulations usually run 0.9 to 1.1 equivalents of amine hydrogen: excess amine speeds surface cure and raises hardness, a deficit leaves a softer, more chemical-resistant film. Check with your supplier before you move outside 0.95-1.05. One expectation needs correcting early: a 100 mPa·s hardener does not thin a formulation built on YLE-128 at 11000-15000 mPa·s. At 32 phr the hardener is about 24 wt% of the mix, so the blend stays resin-dominated. For sprayable viscosity, change the resin or add a reactive diluent from our reactive diluent range. 6. Processing Notes Amine hardeners fail in predictable ways, and MACM is no exception. What follows is shop-floor practice rather than published specification. - Moisture and carbon dioxide are the usual suspects: an open drum left on a humid floor picks up both, and amine carbonate shows as blush or a greasy film on the cured surface. Close the cap immediately after use. - Weigh the hardener, do not measure it by volume. A 5% shortfall on a 32 phr charge leaves roughly 0.95 equivalents instead of 1.00, and the film will stay soft. - Mix until the streak test is clean. At 80-120 mPa·s against 11000-15000 mPa·s resin, the two phases do not blend by themselves, and unmixed hardener shows up as soft spots days later. - Below roughly 15 °C, ambient cure with cycloaliphatic amines slows to the point of practical failure. Either heat the substrate and the components, or add an accelerator package and re-run your pot-life test. - Pot life depends on mass and temperature, not a fixed number of minutes. A 100 g mix at 25 °C and a 20 kg drum at 35 °C are not comparable; measure both before you commit a shift. - Full property development usually needs a heated post-cure. If your line cannot deliver that, do not write room-temperature-cured properties into the datasheet. 7. Applications Six application areas are published for MACM, split between epoxy curing and non-epoxy synthesis. The epoxy side is where AHEW 60 and the saturated ring matter; the synthesis side only cares about purity and diamine structure. Application Published examples What MACM contributes Watch out for Epoxy adhesives High-grade sanding adhesive, jewellery adhesive Water-clear bond line, low colour drift Thin bond lines cure slowly at 25 °C without an accelerator Epoxy coatings Marine paint, heavy-duty anticorrosive paint, industrial construction paint Chemical resistance with better UV colour hold than aromatic amines Amine blush if the drum has taken up moisture Composites Wind blade, wind mould material, rubber roller Low hardener viscosity helps wet-out before the resin is thickened Exotherm on thick sections; model the mass before you scale up PU and polyurea spray elastomers Amine chain extender and additive Sterically hindered diamine gives controllable reactivity Gel time is formulation-specific; no figure is published for MACM Transparent polyamide and polyimide synthesis Highly transparent nylon, polyimide, polyaspartic acid resin Cycloaliphatic diamine monomer Specify purity min. 99.0% and APHA max. 30 on the order Isocyanate synthesis Raw material Diamine feedstock Water content is not published; agree a limit with us first Coatings formulators usually arrive here from the epoxy resin coatings page, adhesive formulators from epoxy resin adhesives, laminators from epoxy resin composites. The same hardener behaves differently in each, because the binding constraint changes: colour in one, exotherm in another. 8. Frequently Asked Questions What is the AHEW of MACM and how do I turn it into a mix ratio? AHEW is 60 g/eq as published. Divide 100 × 60 by the EEW of your resin: 31.6 phr against a 190 g/eq bisphenol A grade, 35.3 phr against 170 g/eq bisphenol F. Round to one decimal on the batch sheet. Is MACM the same chemical as DMDC? Both names point at CAS 6864-37-5, and both Yolatech pages publish AHEW 60 g/eq with purity min. 99.0%. The MACM page adds a viscosity of 80-120 mPa·s at 25 °C; the DMDC listing calls it a transparent liquid with no viscosity figure. Ask which grade is actually offered before you accept a quotation. Does MACM cure epoxy resin at room temperature? It does, but slowly relative to aliphatic polyamines such as diethylenetriamine DETA. In practice, ambient-cured MACM systems are accelerated or given a heated post-cure, and the schedule should be verified on your own line rather than copied from a datasheet. How much does MACM cut the viscosity of my formulation? Very little, and this is the most common wrong expectation. At 32 phr into a resin of 11000-15000 mPa·s, the blend stays resin-dominated. Lower the viscosity with a resin such as bisphenol F epoxy resin YLE-170 or with a reactive diluent instead. What should I write on the purchase order to lock quality? Three lines cover it: purity min. 99.0%, colour APHA max. 30, viscosity 80-120 mPa·s at 25 °C. If your process is water-sensitive, add a water limit as a fourth line, because the product page does not publish one. Every value should be confirmed on the COA of the shipped batch. When should I choose an anhydride or a polyamide instead? Choose an anhydride such as MHHPA when you need long pot life and high heat distortion with a heated cure. Choose a polyamide such as YLH-5022 when toughness and adhesion to damp concrete matter more than chemical resistance. MACM is not the right pick for either of those priorities. 9. Packaging, Storage and Safety Drum packaging is standard, with a shelf life of at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the original packing at ambient temperature. Store it in a well-ventilated area, away from flames and direct sunlight, and close the cap tightly immediately after each use. Amines are corrosive and can act as skin sensitisers. PPE, ventilation, spill procedure and first aid are set out in the MSDS, and that document governs your shop floor. Read it before the first drum is opened. Regulatory status deserves one caveat: REACH registration and RoHS conformity for your destination market must be confirmed on the current SDS and supplier declaration before you order, and nothing here should be read as a certification. Ask for written evidence with the batch if an audit needs it. Full specifications, samples and current lead times are on the MACM product page. Related amine hardeners worth comparing include 1,2-diaminocyclohexane DACH, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane PACM, methylcyclohexanediamine HTDA, 1,3-cyclohexanebis(methylamine) 1,3-BAC, m-xylylenediamine MXDA, polyetheramine D-230 and modified amine YLH-6005. Resin pairing starts with bisphenol A epoxy resin grades; electrical work is covered under electrical and electronic applications.

Diethylenetriamine DETA, CAS 111-40-0, is a high-purity aliphatic amine curing agent for epoxy systems, supplied at a 99% minimum assay. Two primary and one secondary amine group give fast room-temperature cure in coatings, laminates and adhesives. Standard packing is a 195 kg steel drum or isotank. Product Name: High Purity Diethylenetriamine DETA CAS No.: 111-40-0 Product Category: Curing Agent (Aliphatic Amine) 1. Product Information Diethylenetriamine DETA ships as a colorless to light-yellow liquid in 195 kg drums or isotanks, at a minimum 99% assay with water content limited to 0.50%. The identity data below come from the published product page; reference figures are marked as such and confirmed against the COA for each lot. Item Information Product name High Purity Diethylenetriamine DETA Chemical name Diethylenetriamine (DETA) CAS No. 111-40-0 EC No. 203-865-4 (standard reference) Molecular formula C4H13N3 Molar mass 103.17 g/mol Synonyms 1,4,7-triazaheptane; 2,2'-iminodi(ethylamine) Product category Curing agent (aliphatic amine) 2. Product Description: How Diethylenetriamine DETA Cures Epoxy Resin Diethylenetriamine DETA is an aliphatic ethylene amine with two primary and one secondary amine group, so each molecule offers five active hydrogens for epoxy ring opening. Those five hydrogens give a theoretical amine hydrogen equivalent weight of about 20.6 g/eq, calculated from the 103.17 g/mol molar mass. The reaction is a ring-opening addition between the N-H sites and the epoxide ring, and it runs fast at room temperature while releasing noticeable heat. That exotherm is why small working batches are standard practice on most lines. The product page lists the liquid as strongly alkaline and corrosive to copper and its alloys. It dissolves in water, acetone, benzene, ether and methanol, but not in n-heptane. A high crosslink density follows from the three nitrogen sites, which suits chemical-resistant coatings and adhesives. The same reactivity shortens pot life, though; in practice, open time at room temperature is measured in minutes, not hours. 3. DETA vs Other Amine Curing Agents DETA cures faster than most site-listed amines because its AHEW of about 20.6 g/eq is the lowest in this group, so less hardener is needed per 100 g of resin. The trade-off is a short pot life and a higher exotherm. If a line needs hours of open time, a slower grade from the same catalogue is the safer pick; the table below compares the published figures. Property DETA DACH MXDA MACM DMTDA Structure class Aliphatic triamine Cycloaliphatic diamine Aromatic-side diamine Cycloaliphatic diamine Aromatic diamine CAS No. 111-40-0 694-83-7 1477-55-0 6864-37-5 106264-79-3 Assay or purity Min. 99% Min. 99.0% Min. 99.0% Min. 99.0% Min. 95% Amine value approx. 1630 mg KOH/g (calc.) Min. 900 mg KOH/g not published not published 515-535 mg KOH/g AHEW approx. 20.6 g/eq (calc.) 28.5 g/eq approx. 34 g/eq (calc.) 60 g/eq approx. 44 g/eq (calc.) Water, max 0.50% 0.3% 0.50% not published 0.10% Relative cure speed Very fast Fast Fast Moderate Slow Typical fit Small-batch room-temperature systems Rigid high-heat systems Flexible room-temperature adhesives Toughened structural parts Long-pot-life elastomers Full specifications sit on the product pages for 1,2-diaminocyclohexane DACH, m-xylylenediamine MXDA, MACM, DMTDA and polyetheramine D-230. Polyetheramine D-230, with an amine value of min. 7.5 mmol/g and a molecular weight near 220, sits at the opposite end of the reactivity scale from DETA. 4. Typical Technical Information of Diethylenetriamine DETA The published specification for diethylenetriamine DETA is short: color 20 APHA maximum, assay 99% minimum and water 0.50% maximum, with a colorless to light-yellow appearance. The remaining rows are reference values for CAS 111-40-0 from standard chemical data, marked as literature values. Verify the actual lot against the COA; assay and water shift the effective AHEW by a few percent between batches. Item Value Source Appearance Colorless or light-yellow transparent liquid product page Color, APHA Max. 20 product page DETA content, % Min. 99 product page Water content, % Max. 0.50 product page Molecular formula C4H13N3 literature value Molar mass 103.17 g/mol literature value Theoretical AHEW approx. 20.6 g/eq calculated Boiling point approx. 207 °C literature value Flash point, closed cup approx. 94 °C literature value Density at 20 °C approx. 0.95 g/cm3 literature value Viscosity at 20 °C approx. 7 mPa·s literature value Figures marked as product page data are the published specification; figures marked as literature values or calculated are reference data for orientation only. Confirm all values against the TDS, MSDS and COA before use. 5. Dosage and Mixing Guidance Dosing follows the stoichiometric rule: phr equals AHEW divided by resin EEW, multiplied by 100. With the theoretical AHEW of about 20.6 g/eq, a standard DGEBA epoxy at EEW 185-192 g/eq takes roughly 10.8 phr of diethylenetriamine DETA. A bisphenol F epoxy at EEW 170 g/eq takes about 12.1 phr. Treat these as starting points, not specifications. If the COA AHEW differs from 20.6 g/eq, scale the dose in proportion. Underdosing leaves a tacky surface and weak chemical resistance; overdosing makes the film brittle and raises blush risk in humid weather. Dosage matters. Mix in small batches, because the exotherm accelerates as mass grows. On most lines, 100-200 g working batches keep gel time predictable. Pot life is short. Check with the resin supplier if the system already contains an accelerator, since that shortens open time further. 6. Handling and Processing Notes DETA is corrosive and strongly alkaline, so handling needs the same discipline as any concentrated amine. The points below come from the published storage and safety notes plus standard amine practice. Wear goggles, a face shield, nitrile gloves and a coverall when decanting; skin contact with diethylenetriamine DETA burns. Work with forced ventilation; the liquid has an irritating ammonia-like odor and its vapors irritate airways. Keep away from flames and direct sunlight, because the product page lists the liquid as flammable. Do not use copper or copper-alloy tools, valves or fittings; the amine attacks copper and its alloys. Close the cap tightly immediately after use; amines absorb CO2 and moisture from air and the assay drifts. Decant over a bunded pallet with a drum pump, and flush any spill with plenty of water per the MSDS. 7. Applications Five main fields use diethylenetriamine DETA, from epoxy curing to paper chemicals, because its three nitrogen sites react with many substrates. The epoxy curing line is the volume use on this site; the other four are intermediate roles in downstream products. Field How DETA is used Why the amine structure helps Epoxy curing Room-temperature hardener for coatings, laminates and adhesives Five active hydrogens give high crosslink density at approx. 10.8 phr Wet-strength resin Intermediate for polyamide-epichlorohydrin paper resins Polyamine backbone builds the cationic wet-strength polymer Gas purification Amine scrubbing liquor for CO2 removal Three N-H sites absorb acid gases quickly Lubricant oil additives Intermediate for ashless dispersants Polyamine head anchors to soot and oxidation products Chelating and oil-field chemicals Intermediate for chelants and corrosion inhibitors Multi-nitrogen ligand binds metal ions For formulation background on the epoxy side, see the related notes on epoxy resin coatings and epoxy resin adhesives. Paper mills and gas-treating plants typically buy DETA by the isotank, while coating formulators take the 195 kg drum. If the end use is potable water or food contact, do not assume suitability; check with the compliance team first. 8. Frequently Asked Questions What purity does Diethylenetriamine DETA CAS 111-40-0 carry? The published specification sets assay at 99% minimum, water at 0.50% maximum and color at 20 APHA maximum for diethylenetriamine DETA CAS 111-40-0. The CAS number belongs to the aliphatic ethylene amine family, and the COA for each lot lists the measured assay and water. How much DETA is dosed per 100 g of epoxy resin? Dose by stoichiometry: phr equals AHEW over EEW times 100. With a theoretical AHEW of about 20.6 g/eq, an EEW 190 g/eq bisphenol A epoxy takes about 10.8 phr of DETA. Verify the lot AHEW on the COA and adjust within roughly plus or minus 5%. When should a slower curing agent be chosen instead of DETA? Choose a slower grade when open time of an hour or more is needed, when casting thick sections, or when exotherm control matters. DMTDA at an amine value of 515-535 mg KOH/g, or polyetheramine D-230 at min. 7.5 mmol/g, gives far longer pot life than diethylenetriamine DETA. Is DETA suitable for clear or light-colored coatings? DETA itself is colorless to light-yellow at max. 20 APHA, so fresh films stay light. However, all amine-cured epoxies can yellow under UV and heat aging; if long-term color retention is the priority, test the full system rather than relying on the hardener color alone. How should DETA be stored, and what is its shelf life? Shelf life is at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the original packing at ambient temperature. Store diethylenetriamine DETA in a well-ventilated area away from flames and direct sunlight, and close the cap tightly immediately after use to limit CO2 and moisture pickup. What safety precautions are required when handling DETA? Treat DETA as a corrosive, strongly alkaline, flammable liquid. Use goggles, a face shield, nitrile gloves and forced ventilation, keep it away from copper alloys, and follow the MSDS supplied with every shipment. 9. Packaging, Storage and Safety Packaging is a 195 kg drum or an isotank, and shelf life is at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the original sealed packing at ambient temperatures. Store the drums in a well-ventilated area, away from flames and direct sunlight, and close the cap tightly immediately after use. If a drum sits open in humid air, water pickup pushes the 0.50% limit and absorbed CO2 forms a carbamate haze; in practice, re-test assay and water before running an old lot. All safety information is provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet that accompanies every shipment. For samples, current batch COAs, or help choosing between DETA and a slower grade, contact the product team on the diethylenetriamine DETA product page.

  YLH-3054 is a chemical-resistant epoxy hardener developed for heavy-duty epoxy corrosion protection. This modified polyamine epoxy hardener offers outstanding chemical resistance against most organic acids, alcohols, edible oils, fats, and solvents. Its chemical resistance is further improved when combined with phenolic novolac epoxy resin, supporting epoxy novolac pipeline coating formulations where greater chemical resistance is required.     As a high-temperature epoxy hardener for pipeline coatings and internal linings, YLH-3054 combines chemical resistance, early water resistance, thick-film crack resistance, and high-temperature performance in one epoxy curing system. The evaluation below covers thermal aging at 200°C for 168 h and thermal cycling from 230°C to -60°C. The data are relevant to petroleum pipeline coating development and to the use of this epoxy hardener for steel pipe coating and other high-temperature anticorrosive coating systems.   Advantages for Pipeline Corrosion Protection Chemical-Resistant Epoxy Hardener for Pipeline Corrosion Protection Chemical tank lining; Pipeline internal lining; Heavy-duty steel anti-corrosion primers.   Early Water Resistance and Thick-Film Performance Excellent early water resistance, good flexibility, providing good crack resistance in thick film applications. Cathodic Protection Compatible Coating Systems Excellent compatibility with cathodic protection systems. Suitable for the design of related pipeline corrosion-protection systems. High-Temperature Pipeline Coating Performance After 200°C/168 h exposure and thermal cycling from 230°C to -60°C, the tested system showed no chalking, cracking, or peeling.   Typical Properties Appearance Light yellow liquid Viscosity, mPa.s@25°C 0-100 Amine value, mg KOH/g 280-320 AHEW, g/eq 160 Added Weight, PHR 75-85   To evaluate YLH-3054 as an epoxy curing agent for pipeline coating applications, Formulation A was compared with the control formulation for curing, adhesion, and high-temperature performance. YLH-3054 was added separately as the curing component (Part B) at 20.8 g. The formulation and test results are shown below.     Formulation A (YLH-3054 Curing System) No. Raw Material Amount 1 Xylene 13.5 2 n-Butanol 3.4 3 YLEP-638 23.5 4 Talc 19.8 5 Yellow Iron Oxide 1 6 Barium Sulfate 31.9 7 Titanium Dioxide 6 8 Carbon Black 0.1 9 Ultra 0.8 Hardener YLH-3054 (Part B) 20.8 g   1. BK Drying Item Surface Dry (25°C) Hard Dry (25°C) Formulation A 2h 3h Control Formulation B 1.5 ≥6h At 25°C, Formulation A reached surface dry in 2 h and hard dry in 3 h. The control reached surface dry in 1.5 h but required ≥6 h for hard dry. Although Formulation A was slightly slower to reach surface dry, it completed effective crosslinking much faster.   Figure 1  BK Drying Test   2. Pull-off Adhesion for Pipeline Coatings Item Pull-off Adhesion (Before) / MPa Pull-off Adhesion (After) / MPa Formulation A 23.32  23.03 21.63    18.36 Control Formulation B 7.62   8.22 21.14    21.08 Before heat exposure, pull-off adhesion of Formulation A was 23.32/23.03 MPa, compared with 7.62/8.22 MPa for the control. This shows that Formulation A developed higher initial adhesion under ambient curing conditions. Note: "Before" and "After" refer to before and after baking at 200°C for 168 h. Figure 2  Adhesion Test   3. Thermal Aging Performance at 200°C Item Film Surface Condition After Baking at 200°C for 168 h Formulation A Discoloration observed; no chalking, cracking, or peeling. Control Formulation B Discoloration observed; no chalking, cracking, or peeling. After baking at 200°C for 168 h, both coatings showed discoloration but no chalking, cracking, or peeling, and the coating films remained intact. Figure 3  Thermal Aging Test   4. Thermal Cycling Performance Item Film Surface Condition After 3 Thermal Cycles of 230°C (16 h) and -60°C (8 h) Formulation A Discoloration observed; no chalking, cracking, or peeling. Control Formulation B Discoloration observed; no chalking, cracking, or peeling. After 3 thermal cycles between 230°C (16 h) and -60°C (8 h), both coatings showed discoloration but no chalking, cracking, or peeling, demonstrating stable resistance to thermal cycling. Figure 4  Thermal Cycling Test   5. Conclusion   Comparative results show that the main strengths of Formulation A are faster hard-dry development and earlier adhesion build. Its surface-dry time was 2 h, slightly longer than the control at 1.5 h, but Formulation A reached hard dry in 3 h while the control required ≥6 h. In addition, pull-off adhesion after ambient cure reached 23.32/23.03 MPa for Formulation A, compared with 7.62/8.22 MPa for the control.     After baking at 200°C for 168 h and thermal cycling between 230°C and -60°C, neither coating showed chalking, cracking, or peeling. These results indicate that Formulation A achieved a good balance among curing efficiency, initial adhesion, and coating film integrity under high-temperature conditions.  

Product Name: 2-METHYLIMIDAZOLE Product Code: 2-MI CAS No.: 693-98-1 Product Category: Methyl-substituted imidazole compound     1. Product Information Item Information Product Name 2-METHYLIMIDAZOLE Chemical Name 2-Methyl-1H-imidazole；2-MI Product Code 2-MI CAS No. 693-98-1 Molecular Formula C4H6N2 Molecular Weight 82.10 g/mol Category Methyl-substituted imidazole compound   2. Product Description 2-MI is a methyl-substituted imidazole compound. According to the company TDS, it is white to off-white crystalline powder, soluble in water, alcohol, and acetone. The product is moisture absorbent. 2-MI can be used as Epoxy curing agent and Pharm intermediate. In epoxy resin systems, imidazole compounds are commonly used for curing or curing promotion. Final suitability should be confirmed by testing in the target formulation.   3. Structure Features and Performance Notes 1. Methylimidazole structure 2-MI contains an imidazole ring and a methyl substituent. This structure supports its application in epoxy curing-related systems. 2. Crystalline powder form The TDS describes the product as white to off-white crystalline powder and states that it is soluble in water, alcohol, and acetone. 3. Moisture absorbent The TDS states that the product is moisture absorbent. Therefore, storage and handling should avoid prolonged exposure to humid conditions.   4. Typical Properties Item Typical Value Appearance White to off-white crystalline powder Purity, % ≥99.0 Water, % ≤0.5   Note: The above data are from Typical Properties in the company TDS. Final delivery specifications shall be subject to the company TDS / COA.   5. Applications 1. Epoxy curing agent The company TDS lists Epoxy curing agent under Applications. Dosage and curing performance should be confirmed by testing in the final formulation. 2. Pharm intermediate The company TDS lists Pharm intermediate under Applications. Final use should be confirmed based on the specific synthesis route and customer application requirements. 3. Epoxy system applications 2-MI can be used as a related component in epoxy systems where imidazole compounds are required for curing reaction adjustment.   6. Storage, Packaging & Safety Item Information Packaging Drums Storage & Handling Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse, preferably in a well-sealed original container. Storage Life At least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the original packing in ambient temperatures. Handling Protection Contact of eyes and skin with this resin should be avoided, and it is recommended to wear a gas mask and gloves. Wear goggles or face shield when any splashes or droplets are possible. Safety All safety information is provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet.     7. Notice This document is prepared for product information database use. Product name, CAS No., typical properties, applications, storage and packaging information are mainly based on the company TDS. Molecular formula and molecular weight are cross-checked with public chemical databases. For external use, the official TDS, MSDS, COA and contract terms shall prevail.

As an essential partin the epoxy system, the curing agent largely determinesthe cross-linking network structures, as well as thechemical and physical properties of the epoxy resins aftercuring.Epoxy resins cannot be used independently fromthe curing agents, no matter they are used in coatings,potting compounds or wind turbine blades. In this article,we will briefly talk about epoxy curing agents and theircharacteristics in different applications.   Bisphenol A epoxy resin is not suitable for outdoorcoatings and decorative coatings, because of its poorweatherability, easy powdered paint film and othershortcomings. It is mostly used for anti-corrosion paintsmetal primers and insulating paints.However, coatingswhich are made of heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic epoxyresins can be used outdoors.Synasia cycloaliphatic epoxy resin S-2l is either Uv curableor thermally curable. when UV cured with cationicphotoinitiator UVI-6992, it provides high TG and excellentresistance to UV light. Suitable applications includeoutdoor coatings and solvent-free coatings, where itsweatherability is better than that of acrylic-polyurethanecoatings, UV curable coatings have the advantages of fastcuring speed, good gloss, no air bubbles, no need to cure at high temperature.   Potting is an important application field of epoxy resinsystem. It is widely used in electronic manufacturingindustry. It is also an indispensable and importantinsulating material in electrical industry. Using acidanhydride as curing agent for epoxy potting compound hasthe following characteristics: small shrinkage rate , no by-products; good heat resistance; first-rate sealingperformance, excellent insulation, which is not achievedby unsaturated resin and phenolic resin. Althougharomatic amines have good performance, they are mostlysolid and come with poor process operability, thus makingthem rarely applied in potting field. In most cases, acidanhydride curing agent is selected, which is consideredone of the most important components of the thermallycured epoxy system.As a high-purity, low-viscosity, low-halogen cycloaliphaticepoxy resin, Synasia S-06E has high transparency, lowchlorine content(VOC<50ppm) and excellent non-yellowing performance.It can be thermally cured with acidanhydrides (such as MeTHPA and MeHHPA) or UV cured.It can also be cured with aliphatic amines under catalyticaction.Typical applications include electrical casting andelectronic potting of outdoor products. It is especiallysuitable for insulation potting and bonding of electricaland electronic components that require high thermalshock performance, such as outdoor transformers,inductors, laptops, mobile phones, and other digital products.   Castables can be small electronic components, precisioninstruments, military communication systems, largetransformers, motor coils, current transformers, cablejunction boxes and cable terminals in high-voltageelectrical appliances. Castables are widely used in the electrical industry.   Due to the gradual increase in the power generationcapacity requirements of wind power generators, thecorresponding blade size should also gradually increase,and there are higher standards for material weight,strength and stiffness performance requirements. For thisreason, pultruded carbon sheets which are made of high-performance epoxy resin and reinforced with carbon fiberin the blade manufacturing process are most likely tobecome the mainstream solution in the future.Synasia S-720 is a low-viscosity tetrafunctional epoxy resinIt can be cured with acid anhydride or amine curing agent.It has been maturely used in the manufacture ofcomposite materials for wind turbine blades. This productis featured by fast curing speed, high TG, high strength,excellent solvent resistance and corrosion resistance, etc.Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, also called MTHPA isthe most commonly used curing agent in high.performance epoxy resin based and carbon fiber (or glassfiber) reinforced composite materials for pultrusion ofwind turbine blades. The ratio of MTHPA to epoxy resin isalmost 1:1.   Nanjing Yolatech provides all kinds of high purity and low chlorine epoxy resins, including Bisphenol A epoxy resin, Bisphenol F epoxy resin, Phenolic epoxy resin, Brominated epoxy resin, DOPO modified phenolic epoxy resin, MDI modified epoxy resin, DCPD epoxy resin, Multifunctional epoxy resin, Crystalline epoxy resin, HBPA epoxy resin and so on. And we also could provide all kinds of curing agents or hardeners and diluents.         We will be at your service 24 hours a day. Pls contact us freely.